Ilc 22 Mei 2018

Ilc 22 Mei 2018. Salim juga mengingatkan kembali pentingnya sejarah agar tragedi tersebut tidak terulang kembali di masa depan ILC edisi &#39Menunggu UU Anti Terorisme Perlukah Ulama &#39Dilitsus&#39 Menag?&#39 telah tayang pada Selasa 22 Mei 2018.

92nd Session of the International Labour Conference 117 June 2004 91st Session of the International Labour Conference 3 19 June 2003 90th Session of the International Labour Conference 3 20 June 2002 89th Session of the International Labour Conference 5 21 June 2001 88th Session of the International Labour Conference 30 May 15.

107th Session of the International Labour Conference

IntroductionHistoryThe Metaphysics of LevelsMain ClassesSubdivisionsFree Combination of ThemesFacetsApplicationsReceptionDiscussionThe Integrative Levels Classification (ILC) is a → knowledge organization system (KOS) developed since 2004 It is meant as a general system covering all areas of knowledge Although it can be ascribed to the tradition of → facet analysis that has historically developed for libraries and bibliographies ILC is conceived to be applied to any kind of documents including museum specimens websites or other collections of knowledge resources While expressing and ordering concepts by a → notation like in → library classifications it also includes synonyms and some associative relations (particularly dependence) like in → thesauriand ontologies Another main difference from classical faceted classifications and an original feature of ILC is that it lists phenomena rather than → disciplines This is considered as an implementation of its ontological approach to → knowledge organization (KO) (Gnoli 2011b) Knowledge has ontological components concerning the nature of the known object General KOSs listing phenomena rather than disciplines were not uncommon in the past centuries like in the cases of Wilkins&#39 → Characteristica Universalis or Roget&#39s → Thesaurus On the other hand modern library classifications as developed by Cutter Dewey Otlet Bliss and → Ranganathan are usually based on disciplinary main classes A modern library classification based on phenomena is → James Duff Brown&#39s Subject Classification published in 1906 which is considered as an interesting example of alternative approaches in KO (Beghtol 2004) The idea of basing a classification on phenomena (as well as their properties and activities) was explored again during the 1960s by the Classification Research Group (1969) which used a NATO grant to draft a new general system involving CRG members D J Foskett B Kyle H Tomlinson → E Coates and D Austin among others Unfortunately this project was never completed although it informed the later development of Austin&#39s PRECIS subje The theory of levels of reality claims that the real world is structured in a series of levels of increasing organization Each level depends on lower levels for its existence but also has novel emergent properties that are not possessed by the lower ones For example living organisms need chemical substances as their material constituents and there cannot be organisms without chemical substances at the same time chemical substances have not such properties as metabolism growth or death that only emerge at the level of organisms In KO terms dependence of a level on another is a kind of associative relationship that can be recorded as classification data along with the classical hierarchical relationships organisms depend on chemical substances and plants are a type of organisms (De Santis and Gnoli 2016) Among the levels that are identified by most authors are matter life mind and society usually in this order (although Poli believes that mind and society coevolve) ILC2 has 25 main classes represented by lowercase letters a to y (zwas also used in ILC1) As Pullman has observed the choice of 25 main classes is biased by the notational base adopted but there is no reason why reality must have 25 levels rather than less or more of them Indeed ILC also acknowledges more general levels that roughly correspond to Hartmann&#39s strata and express them as spans of main classes (connected by the symbol W) Ontologically main classes a to y can be understood as subclasses of these five major levels which are → telescoped in notation On the other side another notational device of ILC the emptying digit z allows to express as many sibling classes as needed beyond the number of 25 Thus class czp “preons” is technically a sibling of a b c etc listed between c and d although being assigned a longer notation (as it covers phenomena that are still hypothetical and poorly known in contemporary science) Potentially more main classes can be int As subclasses are also expressed by lowercase letters any class can be divided in up to 24 subclasses or more by the emptying digit z For example q“language” is divided into the following twelve subclasses Letter ais never used used for subclasses in ILC2 as it is reserved to the attributes (such as processes properties and parts) that are typical of a class Attributes can in turn be subdivided with further lowercase letters Attributes are a sort of → facets although in this form they are meant to express an attribute concept autonomously for example qae means linguistic errors as such while to express eg texts containing errors one has to combine class qt with a facet proper (see section 7 Park et al 2020) A feature original of ILC are special classes and subclasses expressed by capital letters A to Z (Gnoli 2018a) These are also called deictics that is concepts whose meaning is not fixed but changes according to the context They are used for a variety of pu ILC is a synthetic classification which means that a knowledge resource can be assigned either a simple class or a combination of classes The simplest way to combine classes is freely listing them separated by a blank space eg hl r“stars [in some relationship with] rituals” Even in this simple case one has to choose which of these themes is cited before the other(s) Following Alberto Cheti’s theory of subject analysis (in turn inspired by such verbal indexing systems as Austin’s PRECIS) for every knowledge resource a base theme can be identified possibly associated with other particular themes (Cheti 1996) Thus hl r implies that stars are the base theme and rituals are only discussed as for their relation to stars If rituals are the base theme instead the classmark must be written r hl If more than one particular theme has to be expressed particular themes in turn have to be listed in some order Gnoli (2011b) agreeing with previous considerations by Coates and Mill Another way of combining concepts in ILC is by facets While the nature of the relationship is not specified in a free combination it can be specified by facets for example “rituals influenced by stars” can be expressed as r3hl ILC is said to be freely faceted as such facets can connect any two concepts from whatever part of the schedules rather than only concepts within a particular discipline as it usually happens in BC2 or in → Colon Classification (CC)(in CC a functional equivalent of free facets are phase relationships) ILC facets are expressed by digits that follow a pattern of → fundamental categories similar to Ranganathan’s PMEST The ten categories of ILC facets are Several of these categories like part property transformation (that includes processes and activities) agent place and time are similar to other faceted systems Form disorder and perspective are more original and are discussed in Gnoli (2008a 2017b) Categories can be combined by using two The first tests with ILC were done on the catalogue of a small documentation centre the Friuli Venezia Giulia Regional Laboratory of Environmental Education (LAREA) by Zuccolo and Gnoli practice was also done with the Dandelion Bibliography of Facet Analysis by Hong (Gnoli and Hong 2006) with a gateway to Internet Resources for Chemical Research edited by Caterina Barazia and with news posts in the domain of communication and media indexed by Cesanelli (2008) Free combinations of general and local (deictic) ILC classes are applied to a bibliography of local culture and history in the website Where the Apennine Begins A more substantial application of detailed freely faceted ILC classmarks was done with bibliographic records of the BioAcoustic Reference Database (BARD) set in collaboration with the Interdisciplinary Center of Bioacoustics and Environmental Research (CIBRA) at the University of Pavia (Gnoli et al 2008) Bioacoustics is an interesting case of an interdisciplinar The ILC project has arisen a certain interest among classification experts Broughton’s (2015) textbook on classification mentions the ILC project as an attempt at phenomenonbased classification Vickery (2008) applauds the ILC draft scheme though suggesting a partially different approach that combines phenomena with human activities Beghtol’s (2009) encyclopedia entry on “Classification theory” states that On a similar line Movahedian and Cheshmeh Sohrabi (2017) and Moraes (2018) discuss integrative levels or their application in ILC as one relevant theoretical approach Szostak discusses ILC and his BCC as promising examples of interdisciplinary classifications in several papers and especially in Szostak et al (2016) Machado (2017) discusses ILC’s ontological approach and compares it with Barry Smith’s Basic Formal Ontology which claims to do without concepts though also being ontologically based (Machado et al 2020) Michael Kleineberg reintroduces an epistemological appr As shown in the last section the ILC project has stimulated a certain amount of debate in KO literature by resuming experimentation on nondisciplinary classification that was attempted already by Brown and the CRG At this stage the debate is mainly theoretical as we still lack any large corpus of documents indexed with ILC and the system is still under development On the other hand the tests performed on a variety of small corpora of different nature (books papers KOSs websites) and in different domains (local culture bioacoustics knowledge organization general) already provide several hints Phenomenonbased classification by ILC has been shown to be possible and to produce orderings that are different from those of disciplinary classifications while still having several features in common with them (combination of concepts need of cross references between different classes eg organisms aquaculture and food) Such established classification systems as DDC UDC.

Report on the work of the seventieth session (2018

“Ini menyebabkan kawankawan para habaib tersinggung dan merasa Haikal Hassan memprovokasi antara habaib dengan habaib” ujar Husin di Markas Polda Metro Jaya Selasa 22 Mei 2018 Cuitan terjadi sekitar lima tahun lalu yakni 15 Februari 2013.

Salim Said: Kita Ini Peradabannya Rendah! Pemimpin Kita Tidak

History kurs dollar di Indonesia pada hari Selasa 22 Mei 2018.